The assembly process of electronic products involves first assembling components and electronic parts into subassemblies, and then integrating these subassemblies into the complete unit. The core task is to assemble electronic components into circuit board components or assemblies (PCBA) with certain functions.
In PCB assembly, it can be categorized into two types: machine assembly and manual assembly. Machine assembly primarily refers to Automatic SMT (Surface Mount Technology), Insertion Assembly (AI), and automatic welding, while manual assembly involves hand insertion, hand rework, repairs, and inspections.
Production preparation involves shaping raw materials and components that will be used in production, such as trimming component leads, bending them into the required shapes, cutting wires to the necessary lengths, and installing connector terminals, etc. These tasks must be completed before the assembly line begins operation.
Automated SMT Assembly involves attaching surface mount devices (SMDs) to a printed circuit board using SMT technology, and then securing them in place with reflow soldering.
Boards with surface-mounted components are fed into an automatic placement machine. The machine then inserts the components into their respective positions on the board, which are initially secured in place by the machine's bending process before being handed over to the manual assembly line.
Manual insertion of components not suitable for machine placement or soldering, followed by inspection, then welding in wave soldering machines or dip soldering ovens. After welding, any non-compliant parts on the circuit boards are manually re-soldered and repaired. The boards then undergo ICT static testing, functional performance checks and adjustments, and appearance inspections. Circuit boards that pass these processes can proceed to final assembly.