The assembly process for electronic products involves first assembling components and components into subassemblies, and then integrating these subassemblies into the complete unit. The core task is to assemble components into circuit board subassemblies or components (PCBA) with certain functions.
In PCB assembly, it can be divided into two categories: machine automatic assembly and manual assembly. Machine assembly primarily refers to automatic surface mount technology (SMT), insertion assembly (AI), and automatic welding, while manual assembly includes hand insertion, hand rework, repair, and inspection, etc.
Production preparation involves shaping raw materials and components that will be used in production, such as trimming component leads, bending them into the required shapes, sorting wires to the necessary lengths, and attaching connector terminals, etc. These tasks must be completed before the assembly line begins operation.
Automatic SMT placement involves attaching surface mount devices (SMDs) to a printed circuit board using SMT technology, which are then permanently焊接 onto the board through reflow soldering.
Boards with surface-mounted components are sent to the automatic insertion machine, where the machine inserts the mountable components into their respective positions on the board. After the initial bending and securing by the machine, they can be transferred to the manual insertion line.
Manual insertion of components unsuitable for machine insertion or placement is performed, followed by inspection and then welding in a wave soldering machine or dip soldering furnace. After welding, any不合格 sections on the circuit boards are manually re-soldered and repaired. The boards then undergo ICT static testing, functional performance checks and adjustments, and visual inspections, among other tests. Once these processes are completed, the circuit boards are ready for final assembly into the complete unit.