The assembly process of electronic products involves first assembling components and electronic parts into subassemblies, then integrating these subassemblies into the complete unit. The core task is to assemble electronic components into functional circuit board subassemblies, also known as PCBA components.
In PCB assembly, it can be categorized into two types: machine assembly and manual assembly. Machine assembly primarily refers to automatic surface mount technology (SMT), through-hole assembly (AI), and automatic welding, while manual assembly involves hand insertion, hand rework, repairs, and inspections.
Production preparation involves shaping raw materials and components that will be used in production, such as trimming component leads, bending them into the required shapes, organizing wires to the necessary lengths, and attaching connector terminals, etc. These tasks must be completed before the assembly line begins operation.
Automatic SMT placement involves attaching surface mount devices (SMDs) to a printed circuit board using SMT technology, which are then permanently焊接 onto the board via reflow soldering.
Boards with surface mounted components are sent to the automatic insertion machine. The machine will insert the components that can be inserted automatically into their respective positions on the board. After the initial bending and securing by the machine, they can then be transferred to the manual insertion line.
Workers manually insert components that are not suitable for machine insertion or application, then send them for welding in wave soldering machines or dipping ovens after inspection. The焊接后的circuit boards with individual non-compliant sections are manually re-welded and repaired. Subsequently, they undergo ICT static testing, functional performance checks and adjustments, and appearance inspections, among other tests. Once these processes are completed, the circuit boards are ready for final assembly into the complete unit.