The research of micro-arc oxidation technology has undergone decades of development. Since the emergence of alternating current micro-arc oxidation technology, it has made a leap in progress and taken a significant step towards practical application. However, due to the fact that ceramic surface treatment for alloy micro-arc oxidation is just beginning, many technical issues exist.

(1) Developing energy-saving power sources. The micro-arc oxidation process consumes a significant amount of energy per unit area during the processing, which limits the size of the workpieces that can be processed.

Insufficient research on the influence laws of the microarc oxidation film's microstructure and growth. The microarc oxidation film's microstructure is influenced not only by the electrolyte system but also exerts a significant impact on it. The influence laws of pulse electrical parameters (voltage or current density, frequency, and ratio of positive to negative current density) on the oxidation film's microstructure have not been deeply and systematically studied; coordinated adjustment of electrical parameters can optimize the microstructure. For instance, during controlled discharge spark control, the film can achieve a good surface roughness.

(3) There is insufficient research on the role of ionic components in the formation of the oxide film. Current studies mainly focus on the analysis of oxide and chemical element content within the oxide film, as well as the study of film properties. There is a lack of research on the formation mechanism of oxides within the film and the role of chemical elements during the film formation process. An excellent electrolyte system formula is generally obtained through multiple trials, and the electrolyte formula cannot be freely designed based on the film's performance characteristics.

(4) Bonding between the oxide film and the substrate. Experimental results show that the size of the titanium alloy transition layer is slightly larger than that of the aluminum-magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation film, with a clear separation between the matrix and the transition layer, and poor bonding strength between the oxide film and the matrix.

(5) There is a lack of research on the mechanism and process of forming dense layers in large proportions. In the three-layer structure of the oxide film, only the dense layer serves as the main working layer. This will be an important research direction in the micro-arc oxidation process, aiming to reduce the thickness of the porous layer, increase the proportion of the dense layer within the film, and ultimately achieve an oxide film without any porous layers.