The process utilizes the power generated by compressed air to propel abrasive materials at high speeds onto the surface of the workpiece requiring sandblasting. This abrasive cutting action achieves the sandblasting effect. Common abrasives used in the sandblasting process include glass beads, silicon carbide, brown fused alumina, white fused alumina, black fused alumina, steel grit, steel shot, and other sandblasting abrasives. Sandblasting machines are categorized by operation method into automatic and manual sandblasters. Automatic sandblasters eliminate the need for manual operation, making them more suitable for modern industrial processes in automated industries and, in the long run, more cost-effective.
What factors affect the sandblasting effect of an automatic sandblasting machine?
1. Selection of Sandblasting Machines
Selecting the right automatic shot blasting machine is crucial; only by matching the correct machine with the size, shape, and weight of different workpieces can it fully perform. When choosing an automatic shot blasting machine, users can consult with professional shot blasting machine suppliers or ask the suppliers to provide samples for testing.
2. Sandblasting Time Setting
The automatic sandblasting machine does not require manual sandblasting operation, so the sandblasting time must be pre-set before the process. The set time is crucial; too long can waste abrasive material and potentially overwear precision parts, increasing the rate of defective products. Too short a time results in an ineffective rust removal, failing to achieve the desired sandblasting effect. Therefore, users should test a small amount of product first before using the new product for sandblasting. Once the test is successful, subsequent settings can be made according to the measured time. The automatic sandblasting machine provides a more stable sandblasting effect compared to manual sandblasting machines.
3. Adjustment of the Spray Gun Angle
The angle of the spray gun is also a crucial factor. Different product shapes and surface requirements for shot blasting necessitate different spray gun angles. An appropriately set spray gun angle can not only shorten the shot blasting time but also achieve better results. Generally, suppliers of shot blasting machines will assist in testing and making samples when delivering the equipment.

4. Pressure Setting

The size of the air compressor paired with the sandblasting machine directly affects the sandblasting effect and efficiency. The greater the air pressure, the stronger the force exerted by the abrasive cutting machine on the workpiece surface, leading to faster sandblasting efficiency. Conversely, lower air pressure and insufficient flow supply result in slower sandblasting efficiency.
5. Abrasive Selection
The selection of abrasive is a critical factor; different abrasives are required based on the workpiece material and the desired effect.
Material Type (S)
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1. Adjusting pressure size has an impact on the surface results.
After setting the quantities of S, H, and θ, the higher the P value, the greater the velocity of the jet stream, the higher the sandblasting efficiency, and the rougher the surface of the workpiece. Conversely, the surface will be relatively smoother.
2. The impact of changes in the spray gun's distance and angle on surface results
Once the P and S values are set, this becomes the key to the manual sandblasting technique. The nozzle typically maintains a distance of 50-150mm from the workpiece. The further the nozzle is from the workpiece, the lower the efficiency of the blast stream, resulting in a smoother surface. Similarly, the smaller the angle between the nozzle and the workpiece, the lower the efficiency of the blast stream, leading to a smoother surface as well.
3. The Effect of Abrasive Type on Surface Results
Abrasive materials are categorized into two types based on particle shape: spherical and rhombic. The commonly used corundum (white corundum, brown corundum) in sandblasting is a rhombic abrasive, while glass beads are spherical abrasives. After setting the P, H, and θ values, the surface achieved through sandblasting with spherical abrasives is smoother compared to that with rhombic abrasives, which results in a rougher surface. The same abrasive material also comes in different fineness levels. In China, the fineness of abrasives is divided according to the number of mesh screens, generally referred to as "number." The higher the number, the finer the particle size. After setting the P, H, and θ values, the smoother the surface obtained from sandblasting with a finer-grained abrasive.