The principle of counter-current closed-loop cooling towers, internal recirculating water system: The circulating water, after heat exchange with the heat source, increases in temperature and enters the heat exchanger. Heat is transferred through the heat exchanger tubes to the external environment, and the cooled circulating water is then recirculated back to the heat source by the system's circulating pump.

The external water circulation system: Sprinkler water is pumped from the lower water trough to the upper distribution pipeline by the sprinkler pump. After being sprayed out, it comes into contact with the tubes of the heat exchanger, where some of the water evaporates, carrying away heat. The cooled sprinkler water then falls back into the lower water trough for recirculation. The internal water circulation undergoes heat exchange through the heat exchanger tubes (coiled pipes), preventing direct contact with the external water circulation and air, thus avoiding water quality contamination.