The operation principle of the counter-current closed-loop cooling tower, internal circulating water system: The circulating water is heated and raised by heat exchange with the heat source and enters the heat exchanger. Heat is transferred to the outside through the heat exchanger tubes, and the cooled circulating water is then returned to the heat source by the system's circulating water pump.

The external recirculating water system: The spray water is transported from the lower water trough to the upper distribution pipeline by the sprinkling pump. After being sprayed out, it comes into contact with the heat exchanger tubes, and some of the water evaporates, carrying away heat. The cooled spray water then falls back into the lower trough for recirculation. The internal recirculating water undergoes heat exchange through the heat exchanger tubes (coiled pipes), preventing direct contact with the external recirculating water and air, thus avoiding water quality contamination.