The reverse osmosis closed-loop cooling tower operates on the principle of an internal recirculating water system: The circulating water, after heat exchange with a heat source and increasing in temperature, enters the heat exchanger. Heat is transferred to the outside through the heat exchanger tubes, and the cooled circulating water is then returned to the heat source by the system's circulating pump.

The external recirculating water system: Sprinkler water is transported from the lower water trough to the upper distribution pipeline by the sprinkler pump. After being sprayed out, the water comes into contact with the tubes of the heat exchanger, some of which evaporates, carrying away heat. The cooled sprinkler water falls back into the lower trough for another cycle. The internal recirculating water undergoes heat exchange through the heat exchanger tubes (coiled pipes), avoiding direct contact with the external recirculating water and air, which prevents water quality contamination.