Please provide the Chinese content for translation.BasementThe flooring construction technique is relatively mature; however, there is a 40mm thick plastic drainage mat installed beneath the flooring surface.The drainage board specifications are HW-PSD40, with a compressive strength of 0.18 Mpa, and a C25 plain concrete leveling layer on top.Little in-depth research and analysis has been conducted on the construction technology for the surface layer of reinforced fine aggregate concrete. Regarding common quality issues such as cracks, leaks, and defect repairs during the construction of basement floors based on past engineering experience, significant costs are incurred during the repair process.
I. Process Principle
The existing building utilizes a dense-laminated construction technique between its structural foundation and surface layers. Plastic drainage boards are placed between the foundation and surface layers, forming an integral voided sandwich through a method of force transmission via dense support points. It serves multiple functions, including drainage, insulation, thermal preservation, soundproofing, and cable routing.
The plastic drainage board is made from HIPS, a non-biodegradable material. According to domestic and international technical data, when placed in a layer shielded from sunlight, its decomposition period exceeds 100 years. Therefore, it is widely used in waterproofing projects.
Section II: Construction Process and Key Operational Points
(1) Construction Process Flow
Base Cleaning® Plastic Drainage Board Laying® Protective Layer Fine Stone Concrete Pouring® Reinforcement Binding® Surface Fine Stone Concrete Pouring® Curing。
(II) Key Construction Techniques
Prior to the basement floor construction, the laying of a plastic drainage board should be carried out, and it must be confirmed that the concrete foundation slab has been completed and the surface is properly smoothed and reaches the designed strength.
Prior to laying the drainage panels on the subfloor, ensure the surface is flat and smooth, free from any depressions, loose areas, or sanding.
The plastic drainage board is laid flat on a level base, with overlapping joints between boards, each spanning two nodes.
Upon completion of the plastic drainage board installation, proceed with the fine aggregate concrete leveling layer construction. When casting the fine aggregate concrete protective layer, ensure that each joint on the upper surface of the plastic drainage board is filled with concrete and reaches the design thickness of 50mm for the leveling layer.
Once the protective layer of fine aggregate concrete reaches the required design strength, the floor surface reinforcement with diameter Ф10 at a spacing of 200mm can be tied, followed by the pouring of C25 fine aggregate concrete and the establishment of partition joints.
The underground floor construction of this project employs a segmented jump ware construction method. The fine stone concrete surface layer of the floor is set with divisional joints in both longitudinal and transverse directions. All divisional joints are genuine, and the genuine joints are in the form of flat headed joints, which are completely broken from top to bottom. The spacing between flat headed joints is designed considering the column grid layout. When there are columns, the divisional joints should connect the centerline of adjacent columns. The edges of the joints are broken, and a 30mm gap is left between the gaps. XPS extruded polystyrene insulation boards are filled between the gaps, with an compressive strength greater than 50Kpa. Genuine joints are left all around columns and walls, drainage channels, with a gap spacing of 200mm from the wall edge and 200mm from the drainage channel edge, and a gap left 200mm from the perimeter of the columns. All joints mentioned above are flat headed joints, sealed with structural weather-resistant sealant, and filled with polystyrene plastic. See the following details for more information:
During the concrete pouring process, separated batching is used to leave partitioned grooves, and a brand non-metallic hardener is blended into the fine stone concrete. The polyurethane coating finish is applied using self-leveling technology to meet the requirements of ground flatness and aesthetics, while also enhancing the wear resistance and durability of the entire surface layer.
III. Material and Technical Requirements
Key materials include: C25 fine aggregate concrete, F10 reinforcing steel, and 40mm thick plastic drainage boards.
Equipment and Machinery
Key construction equipment includes: plate vibrators, polishing machines, and cutting machines.
Quality Control
Ensure that each node on the drainage board is fully filled with concrete during the construction of the fine-grained concrete protective layer, and that the design thickness of 50mm is achieved.
The concrete in the protective layer must reach pedestrian strength before personnel can proceed to the next stage, which is the binding of the steel mesh.
Concrete curing must be completed for 28 days before the cutting of expansion joints can take place.
Six: Safety Measures
Small and medium-sized construction machinery must be maintained in good working condition.
Employees must hold valid certifications to operate, and the "assigned machine-assigned person" system is implemented.
Adhere strictly to the six disciplines of safety and safety operation procedures.
4. Nighttime construction should have adequate lighting, and handheld electrical equipment should be equipped with anti-leakage protection devices.
5. Prior to using the vibration machine, check the power source and voltage. Ensure that the power supply is equipped with a leakage switch to protect the electrical lines. The power cables must not have any joints, and the mechanical operation should be normal. When moving the vibrator, do not pull the electrical wire roughly, and absolutely do not drag it over steel bars or sharp objects, as this may cause the wire to be cut or broken, leading to electric shock and injury accidents. Pay attention to motor waterproofing.
6. In systems with a direct grounding of the neutral point of the power supply, a TN-S three-phase five-wire grounding protection system should be used, with a grounding resistance of less than 4Ω.
7. Fuses and circuit breakers must match the equipment's capacity; do not substitute with other metal wires.
8. Strictly adhere to the "one machine, one switch, one leak, one box" electrical principle.
9. Electricity should be managed by a designated person, and electrical engineer inspections and maintenance records should be filled out truthfully.
Section 7: Environmental Protection Measures
Concrete mixer trucks are prohibited from operating at high speeds. When parked for unloading materials, the engine should be turned off.
2. Low-noise vibrators are used during concrete pouring construction.
3. Construction sites are illuminated with spotlights during the night to prevent light pollution.
4. Vehicles must be washed before exiting, with the wash water directed to a sedimentation pond. After secondary sedimentation, the water can then be discharged into the municipal sewage system or reused for dust suppression via sprinkling.
5. Construction waste is to be transported using enclosed containers and is strictly prohibited from being thrown carelessly into the air to avoid dust generation.
Section 8: Profitability Analysis
The construction technique employs plastic drainage boards between the subgrade and surface layers to achieve a large-area concrete slab that is free of cracks, leaks, and defects after casting. Additionally, it reduces maintenance costs during use, with a 10-year warranty for its waterproofing performance.
After the implementation of this construction method, no direct economic benefits were generated. However, based on past projects where basement slab leakage led to maintenance costs, this method can significantly reduce repair expenses during use, thereby lowering the overall construction cost.
Section 9: Application Effect
The current waterproofing technology employs a combination of rigid and flexible materials, essentially a single "water-blocking" method. Once there are tiny cracks, water seeps in, accumulating from little to much, eventually causing leaks. In contrast, the building interlayer plastic boards can discharge a small amount of seepage water, forming a "blockage-discharge-blockage" combination waterproofing. This ensures there is no water on the surface of the waterproofing layer, providing waterproofing from both material and hydrodynamic aspects. Consequently, it can better and more durably enhance the building's waterproof quality. Moreover, the upper fine-grained concrete ground floor has been designed with detailed expansion joint arrangements, ensuring each floor area is less than 36 square meters. Additionally, true joints are left at the equipment foundation, column edges, and walls to prevent the occurrence of ground cracking.
The benefits of combined waterproofing include the gap layer formed by concrete supports, which boasts the same durability as the structure. The integrated construction plan for waterproofing and moisture prevention combines various waterproofing and drainage measures, achieving a reasonable combination of design and construction for the overall project, which can reduce the total cost and long-term maintenance expenses. This effectively improves the waterproofing quality of underground structures and finds extensive application in the construction of basement floors.
