Minerals broadly refer to all naturally occurring mineral resources that are buried underground (or distributed on the surface) and can be utilized by humans. The scope of minerals generally falls into the following three categories: (1) metallic minerals from which metallic elements can be extracted, such as iron ore, copper ore, zinc ore, etc.; (2) non-metallic minerals from which non-metallic raw materials can be extracted or which can be used directly, such as pyrite, phosphate rock, diamonds, limestone, etc.