Cement concrete interlocking blocks paving is a new type of paving method that was introduced to our country in the mid-1980s. Due to its unique advantages, it has been applied in multiple wharf yard projects across China and has yielded significant social and economic benefits.

Interlocking block paving is a road surface composed of high-precision concrete precast blocks tightly arranged in a specific manner, with the joints between the blocks filled with sand. Under external loads, the blocks do not bear the force individually but rather interlock to distribute the load.

Interlocking block layer, bedding sand layer, subgrade, and sub-base.

The interlocking block layer is the distinguishing feature of interlocking block paving, setting it apart from other road structures. It serves not only as a wearing layer but also as a structural layer (overall load distribution). Blocks can be shaped into various designs to create patterns that enhance the environment.

The purpose of the sand bedding layer is to level the subgrade and provide the necessary conditions for a tight interlocking of the surface layer.

3. The subgrade and basecourse are virtually indistinguishable from a standard asphalt pavement.

4. Edge constraints are mandatory; their role is to limit the lateral displacement of blocks under the action of vehicle loads, ensuring interlocking between blocks.

Regarding the research on interlocking block pavements, the following general conclusions are compared:

The blocks do not bear loads independently.

2. Most researchers believe that the shape of the blocks affects pavement performance: the interlocking performance of irregular blocks is typically better than that of rectangular blocks, and the performance of blocks with four-sided interlocking is superior to that of blocks with two-sided interlocking.

3. The interlocking paving blocks can withstand significant deformation without damage.

4. Compared to asphalt pavements, interlocking block pavements exhibit greater elastic deflection.

5. Damage to interlocking block surfaces is typically not due to the breakage of the blocks, but rather to the blocks being sheared into the subgrade, as well as the accumulation of excessive surface deformation (ruts).

6. The interlocking paving blocks offer excellent anti-slip properties.

Extensive testing has propelled the successful application and transformation of interlocking block paving. The concrete block shapes have evolved from mimicking bricks to refined toothed rectangular blocks, and now to the uniquely shaped blocks of today. Continuous improvements and refinements have enhanced the system performance of the interlocking paving.

The current preferred interlocking paver design is the "Cross Wave" pattern.