Measurement is the tool through which humans understand the material world around them, a crucial technical and management foundation in modern civilization. The development of measurement instruments spans across all industries, touches the lives of thousands of households, and permeates every corner of human life.

Precision measuring instruments originally refer to specialized devices used for measuring the pressure, flow rate, and temperature of water, gas, electricity, and oil. Comprising thousands of product varieties, over the last two decades of the last century, they have seen significant development alongside the advancement of microelectronics and communication technologies. Modern metrology, scientifically categorized, includes three aspects: scientific metrology, legal metrology, and engineering metrology. The task of scientific metrology is to research and establish fundamental metrological standard devices, ensuring the transmission and traceability of measurement values, and providing basic guarantees for legal metrology and engineering metrology. The task of legal metrology is to regulate the important metrological instruments and commodity measurement behaviors related to the national economy and people's livelihood by metrological administrative authorities in accordance with the law, ensuring the accuracy of relevant measurement values. The task of engineering metrology is to provide traceability for other measurement activities in society, offering metrological calibration, detection services, and on this basis, we specifically divide into geometric metrology, temperature metrology, mechanical metrology, electromagnetism metrology, optical metrology, acoustics metrology, electronics metrology, time-frequency metrology, ionizing radiation metrology, and chemical metrology. China currently has over 6,000 metrological instrument enterprises, forming a relatively complete industrial system with a certain technical foundation and production scale, making it a major metrological instrument and equipment production country in Asia, excluding Japan. Since the 1990s, the overall situation of China's metrological instrument industry has been on the rise. Products have been keeping pace with international development in the direction of miniaturization, integration, intelligence, and bus systems, emerging with a batch of technologically advanced new products and the rise of a group of private enterprises of considerable scale, which are the new forces driving the development of China's metrological instrument industry. It should be clearly recognized that although China's metrological instrument industry has achieved some development, it is far from meeting the increasingly urgent needs of the national economy, scientific research, and social life. The majority of China's metrological instrument products belong to middle and low-end technological levels, and key indicators such as reliability and stability have not yet reached the required standards. Large-scale instruments and equipment are almost entirely dependent on imports, and medium-range products and many key components are still held by foreign companies, occupying more than 60% of the domestic market share.