Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in chemical and alcohol production. They are mainly composed of the shell, tube plates, heat exchange tubes, flanges, and baffles. The required materials can be carbon steel, brass, or stainless steel. During heat exchange, one fluid enters through the connection pipe of the flange and flows in the tubes, exiting through the outlet pipe at the opposite end of the flange, which is known as the tube side; the other fluid enters through the inlet of the shell and exits through another outlet on the shell, referred to as the shell side.
