Vanadium is a metallic element with the symbol V. It is a silvery-gray metal that belongs to the VB group in the periodic table, with an atomic number of 23 and an atomic weight of 50.9414. It has a body-centered cubic crystal structure and common oxidation states of +5, +4, +3, and +2. Vanadium has a high melting point, making it a refractory metal with malleability, hardness, and no magnetic properties. It exhibits excellent resistance to acid and sulfuric acid, and its performance in terms of resistance to gas, salt, and water corrosion surpasses that of most stainless steels.