Hydraulic systems are a technology that utilizes liquids to transfer pressure and energy, with their basic principles based on Pascal's Law, which states that pressure in a confined liquid is uniform. When a force is applied to a small area within the liquid, it is transmitted through the fluid and acts on any area within the container with the same magnitude, regardless of direction. This characteristic allows hydraulic systems to amplify the force, resulting in a greater output force.

The structure of the hydraulic system mainly includes four major components: power elements, actuating elements, control elements, and auxiliary elements. The power elements are primarily hydraulic pumps, which provide pressure oil to the system. The actuating elements consist of hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to drive the movement of the working mechanism. Control elements include various valves such as relief valves, throttle valves, and directional valves, which are used to control and regulate the pressure, flow rate, and direction of the fluid. The auxiliary elements include oil tanks, oil pipes, and oil filters, which are used for storing, transporting, and filtering oil, ensuring the normal operation of the system.

Hydraulic systems, through the coordinated operation of these components, can achieve precise control and efficient energy conversion, widely used in industrial production, transportation, construction machinery, and other fields.