Carbon constitutes approximately 50% of the dry matter in cells, thus the origin of metabolites and nutrients in the cell structure or carbon skeleton, which is referred to as a carbon source. There are many types of carbon sources for microbial nutrition, ranging from simple inorganic substances (carbon dioxide, carbonates) to complex organic carbon compounds (sugars, sugar derivatives, lipids, alcohols, organic acids, aromatic compounds, and various carbon compounds). However, different microorganisms have varying abilities to utilize carbon sources. Pseudomonas can utilize over 90 different carbon sources, methane-oxidizing bacteria only use methane and methanol, and some cellulose-degrading bacteria only use cellulose.

Most microorganisms are heterotrophic, utilizing organic compounds as a carbon source. There are many types of carbon sources that can be utilized, among which sugars are beneficial.

Heterotrophic microorganisms utilize carbon sources within the body through a series of chaotic chemical reactions to form cellular matter or provide energy for the organism's physiological activities. Therefore, carbon sources are often referred to as energy substrates.

Microorganisms sustain themselves using carbon dioxide and carbonates as their primary carbon sources. Carbon dioxide is an oxidized substance, and its conversion into cellular components is a reduction process. Therefore, these microorganisms require energy from the oxidation of light or other inorganic substances. The carbon sources and energy sources for these microorganisms are derived from different substances.

I. Low-Temperature Rapid Start Function. The Mkn-527/XT is a new type of carbon source that contains bacterial promoters and activators. During winter when temperatures are lower, it enables bacteria to reproduce quickly, enhance bacterial activity, and is 40%-60% more effective than general carbon sources.

2. Forward tolerance. Common carbon sources tend to crystallize easily at lower temperatures, with crystallization effectiveness severely reduced by salinity and pH levels. However, mkn-527/XT is a new type of high-temperature-resistant carbon source that is unaffected by environmental conditions, still functioning normally at -45°C.

Thirdly, the general carbon source or sodium acetate requires 10-15 days. The new carbon source Mkn-527/XT needs only 5-7 days, significantly reducing acclimatization time, shortening the lag phase, and quickly adapting to the new environment.

Four. Enhanced Load Capacity. The Mkn-527/XT is a novel carbon source that significantly boosts load capacity and exhibits strong metabolic activity. The growth rate of denitrifying bacteria can be advanced by 50%-80%, and the load can be increased.

5 for high cost-effectiveness. Under the same conditions, the usage of mkn-527/XT carbon source is 20%-50% lower than that of single solid glucose or sodium acetate. Additionally, it has defoaming properties, enabling a reduction in defoaming agent usage, making it a cost-effective carbon source.