1. Foundation: Select a reasonable foundation type and control the cross-sectional dimensions and burial depth. This is crucial for controlling the entireStructural steel constructionCost plays a significant role.

2. Column layout: This determines the span of the columns and the distance between adjacent columns in each row. Generally, the column layout dimensions range from 6-12 meters. Smaller column spacing results in shorter force transmission paths, saving materials in the upper structure; however, the cost of the foundation may be higher. Therefore, the rationality of the column layout has a significant impact on the structural cost of the project. Moreover, the choice of column cross-sectional shape and size also directly affects the project cost.

Liáng: Rectangular cross-section beams are common bending members often used in design, but they have low material utilization rates. Firstly, the material near the neutral axis has lower stress; the bending moment of the beam varies along its length. Since most of the cross-section beam area has low stress and poor material usage, the material utilization rate can only be improved when the beam is subjected to axial force. Therefore, in design, planar trusses can replace rectangular beams, effectively hollowing out the beam to remove excess material within, which is both economical and lightweight. It can also be developed into a spatial grid structure, significantly improving material utilization rates.