The working conditions for rolling mill rolls are extremely complex. Rolls undergo residual and thermal stresses during the preparation processes before manufacturing and use. They are further subjected to various cyclic stresses during operation, including bending, torsion, shear, contact, and thermal stresses. The distribution of these stresses along the roll body is uneven and ever-changing, caused not only by design factors but also by the continuous variations in wear, temperature, and roll shape during use. Moreover, abnormal situations often occur during rolling. Inadequate cooling of rolls after use can also lead to damage from thermal stresses. Therefore, in addition to wear, rolls often suffer from various local and surface damages such as cracks, fractures, spalling, and indentation. A good roll should have an optimal match between strength, wear resistance, and other performance indicators, ensuring durability under normal rolling conditions and minimal damage during certain abnormal rolling situations. Therefore, strict control of the metallurgical quality of rolls or the application of external measures to enhance their load-bearing capacity is crucial during manufacturing. Rational roll shape, hole shape, deformation regime, and rolling conditions can also reduce the working load of rolls, avoid local peak stresses, and extend their lifespan. The consumption of rolls is determined by three factors: 1) the rolling mill, rolling material, rolling conditions, and the rational selection of rolls; 2) the roll material and its manufacturing quality; 3) the roll's usage and maintenance system.