Substation architecture is a general term for the main supporting structures of outdoor conductors and equipment in transformer stations and sub-stations. It is determined based on the voltage level, scale, equipment layout, construction and operation conditions, as well as the local climate. Due to the nature of electricity, different voltage levels require specific distances between conductors, from conductors to the ground, and from conductors to structures. Consequently, the characteristics of substation architecture are tall columns with slender cross-sections, classified as large-deflection structures.

Its applications are categorized into entry racks, busbar racks, door-type racks, corner racks, transformer assembly racks, etc., as well as single-pole equipment supports.

Shape classification, common forms of structures include AH-type in and out line structures, A-type with lightning rod bracket in and out line structures, A-type structures, Aח-type structures, type structures, corner structures, large character structures, in and out line structures with tension lines, etc.

Based on structural load-bearing classification, structures include: intermediate structures, terminal structures, and pull-line structures.