The working principle of battery-powered electric locomotives is similar to that of overhead-line electric locomotives. Direct current provided by the battery powers the motor through components such as explosion-proof connectors, controllers, and resistor boxes, thereby propelling the train.

Battery-powered electric locomotives are powered by batteries. Battery charging typically occurs in the underground locomotive garage. Once the battery pack on the locomotive reaches a certain level, it is removed and replaced with a fully charged one. Therefore, each locomotive must be equipped with 2-3 battery packs.

Advantages: No spark-induced explosion risk, suitable for use in coal mines with gas; no need for wiring, flexible usage, highly applicable for small-scale production and irregularly shaped transportation systems in tunneling and transportation.

Disadvantages: Requires charging equipment; High initial investment; Low energy efficiency; Higher transportation costs.