The assembly process of electronic products involves first assembling components and electronic parts into subassemblies, and then integrating these subassemblies into the complete unit. The core task is to assemble electronic components into circuit board subassemblies or components (PCBA) with certain functional capabilities.
In PCB assembly, it can be categorized into two types: machine assembly and manual assembly. Machine assembly primarily refers to automatic surface mount technology (SMT), insertion assembly (AI), and automatic welding, while manual assembly includes hand insertion, hand rework, repair, and inspection, etc.
Production preparation involves shaping raw materials and components that will be used in production, such as trimming component leads, bending them into the required shapes, sorting wires to the necessary lengths, and installing connector terminals, etc. These tasks must be completed before the assembly line begins operation.
Automatic SMT placement involves attaching surface mount devices (SMDs) to a printed circuit board (PCB) using SMT technology and securing them with a reflow soldering process.
　　Boards with surface mount components are sent to an automatic placement machine. The machine then inserts the components into their respective positions on the board, which are preliminarily fixed after bending by the machine, ready for hand insertion lines.
Manual insertion of components unsuitable for machine insertion or placement is performed. After inspection, they are sent to wave soldering machines or dip soldering furnaces for welding. The焊接后的circuit boards with individual non-compliant parts are then manually re-soldered and repaired. Subsequently, they undergo ICT static testing, functional performance testing and debugging, and appearance inspections. Once these processes are completed, the circuit boards are ready for final assembly into the complete unit.