The assembly process for electronic products involves first assembling components and subassemblies, and then integrating these into the final unit. The core task is to assemble the components into functional circuit board components or assemblies (PCBA).
In PCB assembly, it can be categorized into two types: machine assembly and manual assembly. Machine assembly mainly refers to Surface Mount Technology (SMT), through-hole assembly (AI), and automatic welding, while manual assembly includes hand placement, hand rework, repairs, and inspections.
Production preparation involves shaping raw materials and components that will be used in production, such as trimming component leads, bending them into the required shapes, sorting wires to the necessary lengths, and installing connector terminals, etc. These tasks must be completed before the assembly line begins operation.
Automated SMT placement involves using surface mount technology (SMT) to mount surface mount devices (SMDs) onto a printed circuit board (PCB), which are then permanently焊接 using reflow soldering.
Boards with surface mounted components are sent to the automatic insertion machine, where the machine inserts the mountable components into their corresponding positions on the board. After the initial bend and temporary fixation by the machine, they can be transferred to the manual assembly line.
Workers manually insert components that are not suitable for machine insertion or machine placement. After inspection, they are sent to wave soldering machines or dip soldering furnaces for welding. The焊接后的circuit boards with individual non-conforming parts are then manually re-soldered and repaired. Subsequently, they undergo ICT static testing, functional performance testing and debugging, and visual inspections, among other quality checks. Circuit boards that pass these procedures can then proceed to the final assembly stage.